????

I?TOPIKH TAYTOTHTA

???? ????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ?? ???? ????????????????�??? N???????? E???? (???? ????, 3000 ?.X.). E??????? ???? E???????, ??? ????,�??? ?? ????? ??????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? E????�??? X????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????.

T? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? X????, ?????? ??? M???? ???�???? ??? O????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????�????????? ??? ???????????, ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???.�O? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????.�

T? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? (????????) ??? ??????�?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????????????. M??? ?? ??? ????????�??? ??? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??? ? ??????????. E?? ?????????,�??????? ?? ??? ?????, ? ??????.�

O? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????, ??? ? ????? ??? ????????? ????�?????? ???????????. T? ???? ???????????? ?? 493 ?.X. ??? ???? ??????,�???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 478 ??? ??????????. ?? ????? ???�A???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ? ?????�????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ??????�?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????.�

??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? M???????????????? X?????�?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? A???? I??????? (250 ?.X.). T? B???????? E????�????? ??? ???? ??? A??????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? 13?? ??. ?????? ????�????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????????, 1317-1329 ??? 1346-1566. T??? ?????????? ??? ???? T???????. ????�E??????? E????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? (????? ??? ?????????, 1822).�

O? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????, ?? ??????????�??? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???�?????????? ??????, ?????? ?? 18? ??. (????? ??? X???, 1792-1822).
�A?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? E?????? (A????????? M????????????, N??????? B?????, A????????? �K?????, ??????? ???????, E???????? P?????, ??????? ???????? ?.?.)

????????
I?TOPIKH TAYTOTHTA�

H ????? ??????? ??? ????? O??????? ????? ??? ??? E?????? ??�500 ?.X. ???? ???????? ? H??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????�?? ??? ????????? ?? ???????, ???? ?? X????? ??? ??? ??????.�

T? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? 1346 ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????.�
H O??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? 16?? ??. ??? ?? 1569 ?????????�?? ????? ?? T??????. ??? 1675 ??????? ????? B???????. ??????? ???????��???? ??????? ??? �????????? ??? O????????� ??? ??????????? ?????????????�??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????.

????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????. A?????????? ?? 1715 ???�K??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????,�?? K?????. M? ??? E????????? ??? 1821 ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??�??????? ???? ??? E?????? ?? ?? 1827. H ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? �?? T?????? ??????? ???? O??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????, ????????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????.

O? O???????? ????????????? ??? ???? T??????? ????�?? ?? ???? ????? ??? B?????? A?????? ?? 1912.


TO?IKE? EK?H???EI?-?ANH?YPIA:

?????????
T? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??? E???????? ?? ????????????????,�??? ???????? ??? M?????????? ???? 24 ???????????,�??? ???????? M????????? ???? 25 M??????.

????
???? 11 N???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?�???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? T???????.
????????? ???????? ???????? ??? A???????.

T? ????????? ??? A???? I??????? ???? 14 M????,�??? ?????? ???? 6 A???????? ??? ??? A???? M???????? ???? 22 I??????.
T?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????�?? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????.

??????? - ??????
H ?????? ??? M??????, ??? ????????? K?????? ??? A???????,�?? ???????? ????????? ??? X???. ??????? ???????????? ???�???????? ??? ????????. O? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????�?? �??????�. ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????.

O ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????????�?????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????.

T? ?????????, ??? A???? E??????? ???? 4 ???????????,�??? A???? A???????? ??? 1 I??????, ??? ??????, ???? 6 A????????.

??????
T? ?????????, ??? A???? A???????? ??? 1 I??????�??? ??? ???????? ???? 15 A????????.

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T? ???????? ??? A???? ???????? ???? 23 A???????.�O?????????? ?????? ??? ????????, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????.

????????
T? ?????? ???????? ??? A???? M????????, ???? 22 I?????? -�???????? ??????????? ??' ??? ?? X?? ??? ??? ???????? E?????,�
??????? ????? ??????.�T?? A???? ????????????, ???? 27 I??????.�T?? ?????? ??? ??? ????????, ???? 6 ??? 15 A????????, ??????????.

O? B?????????? ????? ????????? ????????.�O? �??????� ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? A???????.


A?IO?EATA

??????
H N?? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? (11?? ??.).
�E???? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???? K?????? ??? ????????,�?? ???????? ????????. H ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? X??,�?? N?????, ??? I????? ??? ??? I????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???�? ???????????? K??????????? ? M????????.�

A???????????? ??? K?????????????????? ?????????.�'?? ?? 19? ??. ???? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??? A??????.�???? ???????? ???, ??? ?????????? ??? 1881.

T? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????.
�I??????? ?? 1410-1422 ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????�?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? �K????????�.�K??????????? ??? ???? ??? 17?? ??. ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????�?????????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? 1984,�???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????.

T? ????????? ??? ????? ???????.
�I??????? ???? ????? ??? 11?? ??. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? X??? - N?????,�I?????, I???? - ???? ?? ???????. ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????. �T? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?? 1890.

H ????? ??? ????? ??????.
T? ?????????? A???????, ? M?????? ??? X???,�16 ??? B? ??? ?? N?? M???. ??? B???????? E???? ??? ???? T???????????�????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? K????????????????. �K??????????? ?? 1822 ??? ????? ??? X??? ??? ???? T???????.�?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????????.

???? ????? ????? ?? - ??????? - ????? A???????,�??' ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? E????? B?.

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T? ????????? ??????.
H ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? B?????????? ??? ??�????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???�(?? ??? ? ???????? � ????? ????? ???????????).

T? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????,�
????? ???? ??????? ???????, ????????? ??? ??????.

H ???? ????????,
�??? ??????, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??? 1730.�H ?????? ???????????? ??? 16? ??. ??? B?????????? ????????.

H ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????,�
?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.

H ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????,�
???? ??????? ??????, ?? ????????? ????????.

H ???????? ??? ????????,�
?? ???????????? ?????????? ??????.

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O? ????????,�
???? ?????? �??????� ??? �????????�, ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????.�???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????.

O? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????,
�?? ?????????? ???????????? (16?? ??.), ??? ???? K????????.

T? ??????? ??????????? ????????,
�??? ???? �??????�.

T? N?????? ???????,
�??? M??????.

TA X?PIA AMA?E?, BIKH, KAM?IA,
�???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????.

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OI EKK?H?IE?,�
?? ???????????? ?????? ???????????.�
A?? ??? ??? ??????????, ? ????? N??????? (????? ????????? ??? ??????)�??? ? ????? ????????. A???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? Z??????? ?????�- ??? ?????? ??????? - ??? ?? ????????? ??? E???????????,�
10' ?? ??????????, 45' ?? ?? ?????.�

TO ?NEYMATIKO KENTPO,
�???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????.�T??? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????.�

TO KTIPIO TOY ?P?HN NAYTIKOY ?YMNA?IOY.

MOY?EI? NAYTIKO
?? ????????????? ??? 50 ???????, ??? ???? ??????? 22 ????? ????�??? ?????? ???????? A???????? ?????,�????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? O????????.�K?????? ??? ????????, ? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??? A????? ??????,�?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? N????????????? ????????. E???? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????. T? ???? ?????????????? ??? ???????�??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? 1793-1815.

TO KA?TPO
??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????????.�?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? X???,�?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???. T? ?????? ??????�????? ????????? (10 ??.). T? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????,�??????????, ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ??? 14?? ??. ?? ?? ?????? ??? �E?????????? ??? '21. ??? ?????????, ? ?????????? ????? ??? K??? A??,??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? X???. T????????? ??? ??? K?????�??? ????????? ?? ????????? ???.

H EKK?H?IA TOY A?IOY I?I??POY,�
???? ???????? ??????? (7?? ??.)

H EKK?H?IA - MHTPO?O?H - T?N A?I?N BIKT?P?N,
�???????? ??? ???? ??? 19?? ??.

TO OMHPEIO ?NEYMATIKO KENTPO
�(H???? ???????????? 5, ???. 44391) � ????? ??? ??????????? ???? - ????�????????????????? ???????????????? ????????, ?????????, ????????,�????????? ??????????? ??? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ?????????, ?????????.

H BIB?IO?HKH KOPAH
(???. 44246), ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? E?????, ?? 95.000 ??????.
�?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????????,�?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ? ??????? ??????? ???????�?? A????????? K???? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ��??????? ??? ???????? A??????.

H ?INAKO?HKH
�(???. 43830), ????? ???????? A??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.�
?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????�???? ????? ??? B?????????? K????.

O ?HMOTIKO? KH?O?,
�???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ??? K?????.

OI MY?OI ?THN ?EPIOXH TAM?AKIKA,�
???? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????????. ?????? ??????�??? ?????? (??????????), ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????.

O KAM?O?,�
????????, ???????? ??? ?????. ??????? ??????, ???????? � ????????? ?? ????????????.�A????????? ??? ???????. T???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????�??? ??????? ??????????? ??? X???. O? ?????????? ??? 18?? ??? ??? 19?? ??. ???�????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????.
H ????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????.�
T? ??????, ???????-????????, ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????, ?????????�??? ????????? ??????? ????????, ?? ???????????? ????? (?? ??????? ??????????�????? ??? ????? ???????), ?? ?????, ??????????????, ??????????,�????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ???????, ???????? ?????????? -�???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????, ?????? ?????????????.

TO KTHMA TOY ?I?I??OY AP?ENTH,�
???? K????. E????????? ???????????. A??????? ?? ????????????????�????????????? ?????? ??? ????????.

MOY?EIA:

APXAIO?O?IKO�
(M?????? 5, ???. 44239), ?? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????:
?????????? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ????????,�????????????? ????, ?????????? ??????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????? ?.?.

BYZANTINO ?????��
???????????? ?????????????????, ????????? ??? ????????????? ????????.

E?NO?O?IKO KAI ?AO?PA?IKO MOY?EIO AP?ENTH�
(?????????? ??? ?????? ??? B?????????? K????). E????????? ????????????????�???????, ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? X???, ?????????, ??????, ????????,�?????, ?????????? ???????????, ????????????, ????????????? ??? ??????????�???????. H ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???�?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????.

KTIPIO EK?E?E?N IOY?TINIANI
�(??????? X??? N? ???????). ???????????? ?????????????????�????????, ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????, ??????????????
�??????? ??? ??????????.

?????? ?? ?????�??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????


??????? ???????????

?????????

?APEMA:
???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????. M?? ??????????.�

TI NA ??NI?ETE:
Y????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????�E??????????? ??? ????????.

TO?IKE? NO?TIMIE?:
????????? ?? �????????????��(????? ????-????? ?? ??????? ?????).

AN EXETE ?KA?O?:
?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? O????????.
??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????? - ???? ??? X??.


????

??OP:
???? ???????? K?????, K???????, ????, M???? ????????,�A??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????.�??? �????????� ?????? B???????? ??? ???????, ?????, ??????????, ??????? ?????????. K?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????,�?????, ?????. ??? ??????? I????? K???????????, ??????????�??????????, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????.

?APEMA:
T? ????????? ????? ??????????.�??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????. M?? ??????????.

KYNH?I:
?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????.

TI NA ??NI?ETE:
M?????? (???????????), ???????, ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????????�(???????????, ??????, ???????, ???????????? ?.?.), ????? ??????, ??????????,�????, ?????, ????????, ????????. K??????? ??? ?? A?????? ??? ??? ??????????.�K???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? K??????????,�?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? A???????????????�???????????? N?????????. M????????, ???? ??? ????????? ??????
�??? ??? A??????.

AN EXETE ?KA?O?:
?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????.�?? ?????? ??? X??, ?? ?????? M?????, ?? ????? ??? ?? K????????.�?? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? X??.�T?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? X???.


KO?YM?I:

????????
O? ???????? � ?? ???????, ????? ???? ?????? ????????? -?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? X???. H ??? ??????? ????? ??? Z?????,�??? ??????. A????, ?? K?????, ?? ???????, ??? M?????? ??? ??? X???????.

METAKINH?EI? ?TO E??TEPIKO:
???????? ?? ?? ????? ? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????.
O? ?????? ????? ????????????????.


????
???? ???????? ??? X?? ??? N ???? ??? K????.�?? ???? ?? ?????????, ????? ??????????. M????????, A??? E??????, M???? ?????????, 12 ???, A??? ???????, 14 ??? ??? ????? A?????????, 16 ???.

METAKINH?EI? ?TO E??TEPIKO:
M? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????��K????? � ???????� B???????? - ????????????,�??? ??? ?????� N?????? � ????? M???? B??????� ???????� K?????.�

M? ????????? ??? KTE? ?????????? ?????????? ??? X?? ???��????? � O??????? � M???? � ?????? M?????� ????? � K??? ��E???????� N?? M??? � A??????� K???????? � M?????? ��N???� ???? � K????? � A??????? � ??????????� B?????? ��A??? M??????? ???? ???? (???????) � A????????. ??????.:KTE?, ???. 27507.

??????????? ????????? ???????????, ????????????? ??? ???????? ????????.

??????? ????????: